Events

• c. 5000 BC — Rice is cultivated in Southeast Asia. Later it's introduced in Ganges Valley.
• c. 5000 BC — Farming reaches Atlantic coast of Europe from Ancient Near East.
• c. 5000 BC — Around this time Maize began to be cultivated in Mexico.
• 5000 BC–4500 BC — Għar Dalam phase of Neolithic farmers on Malta, possibly immigrant farmers from the Agrigento region of Sicily.
• 5000-4900 BC — The Older Peron transgression, a warm period that would dominate the 5th millennium, begins in this period.
• 4900 BC–4600 BC — arrangements of circular ditches are built in Central Europe.
• 4800 BC–4000 BC — People of the Dimini culture populate the Western, Central Macedonia and Thessaly regions in Greece gradually ending the Sesklo culture in Thessaly.
• 4713 BC — The epoch (origin) of the Julian Period described by Joseph Justus Scaliger occurred on January 1, the astronomical Julian day number zero.
• 4700 BC–2000 BC — Stonehenge people arise. Their culture includes territories of Great Britain, Ireland, Brittany.
• 4600 BC – 4200 BC — Varna culture evolved, leaving what is currently believed to be the world's oldest gold workings at the site of Varna Necropolis.
• c. 4570–4250 BC — Merimde culture on the Nile.
• c. 4500 BC — Civilization of Susa and Kish in Mesopotamia and Khuzestan (see Sialk).
• [[4500BC] Trypillian cities with 15.000 citizens in Ukraine.
• 4500 BC–4100 BC — Grey & Red Skorba phases of Neolithic culture on Malta; earliest examples of female deity figurines, crafted out of baked clay.
• c. 4500 BC — the ending of Neolithic IA (the Aceramic) in Cyprus
• c. 4500 BC — Settlement of Chirokitia begins to date from this period.
• c. 4400–4000 BC — Badari culture on the Nile.
• 4350 BC — Predynastic period started in Ancient Egypt.
• 4300 BC — Theta Boötis became the nearest visible star to the celestial north pole. It remained the closest until 3942 BC when it was replaced by Thuban.
• c. 4250 BC–3750 BC — Menhir alignments at Menec, Carnac, France, are made.
• 4200 BC — Date of Mesolithic examples of Naalebinding found in Denmark, marking spread of technology to Northern Europe. (Bender 1990)
• 4121 BC — Eduard Meyer's date for the creation of the Egyptian calendar, based on his calculations of the Sothic cycle. This is the first recorded date in human history.
• 4100 BC–3500 BC — New wave of immigration to Malta from Sicily leads to the Żebbuġ and Mġarr phases, and to the Ġgantija phase of temple builders.
• 4004 BC — According to the chronology of Archbishop James Ussher of Armagh, this is when the universe is created at nightfall preceding October 23.
• c. 4000 BC — Complex societies with hierarchies of priests and kings began to appear in Mesopotamia.
• c. 4000 BC — By this time Indo-European people had spread from southern Russia into Europe and Iran.

Cultures